Description
Stephen Salisbury I is a bust portrait of an elderly man turned slightly toward the viewer's right. The sitter's head is bald on top, but the sides are covered with curly white hair. Final details in the hair were done with short strokes of gray and white paint after the background had been painted. The bottom of the sitter's ear is visible. Salisbury's eyes are blue, with tiny white highlights to the left of irregularly shaped pupils. The rims of both lower lids also feature white highlights. Stuart used brown paint to outline part of the iris in each eye. The bottom edges of the sitter's top eyelids are sketchily painted with thin strokes of brown. In the corner of the proper left eye, fine brown lines create the appearance of wrinkles, as do similar lines on his chin. His eyebrows are loosely painted with brown. A white highlight runs the length of his nose and ends in a small circle, and a thin pink line outlines the contour of the nose, which casts a brown shadow on the right side of his face. Stuart also reinforced the right side of the face, from the forehead to underneath the chin, with a reddish brown line. In contrast to the sitter's pale forehead and balding head, the entire lower half of his face, from his cheeks to his chin, is very red. Stuart painted the flesh of the forehead with varying shades of pinks, oranges, and a thicker highlight of pale yellow. The flushed cheeks are painted with a range of pinks, and there is a touch of gray in the left corner of the mouth. Salisbury's lips are pressed together in a slight smile.

He wears a white neck cloth and what appears to be a black wool coat with a velvet collar. The neck cloth was painted after the coat and the face, as indicated by the overlap of white paint on the coat collar and areas of the face. The collar, bows, and frills of the neck cloth are only cursorily suggested with quick strokes of white paint and light gray for the shadows. The lapels of the coat are folded down, with the right side on top of the left. On the left side of the coat, the lapel partly conceals two black fabric-covered buttons. The coat appears to be fastened with a button that is difficult to ascertain but seems to be beneath the right lapel at the bottom of the portrait.

The background of the portrait is a gray-green with visible brushstrokes. A shadow from Salisbury's head lies in the lower right, which is the darkest area of the background.

Biography
The first part of Stephen Salisbury I's life is discussed in the biography section of Christian Gullager's portrait Stephen Salisbury I.

At age fifty-one, Stephen married twenty-nine-year-old Elizabeth Tuckerman (1768–1851) on January 31, 1797, at the Hollis Street Church in Boston.¹ She was the eldest child of Elizabeth Harris (1747–1805) and Edward Tuckerman (1740–1818), a successful Boston baker and well-known member of the community.² Stephen likely met Elizabeth through her younger brothers. Her brother Joseph Tuckerman (1778–1840) roomed with Stephen's nephew, Josiah Salisbury (1781–1826), at Harvard in 1796. Both were members of the class of 1798 and remained friends.³ Edward Tuckerman III (1775–1843) was an apprentice in the Boston branch of S. & S. Salisbury, a partnership of Stephen and his older brother Samuel (1739–1818). In responding to instructions in a letter from Stephen Salisbury I in September 1794, Edward Tuckerman III informed his employer that his letter to "Miss Betsey" had been delivered.⁴

Stephen and Elizabeth Salisbury had three children, but only their eldest, Stephen Salisbury II, born on March 8, 1798, survived childhood. Their daughter, Elizabeth Tuckerman, was born on March 9, 1800, and died on December 27, 1803; their son, Edward Tuckerman, was born May 7, 1803, and died on August 25, 1809.⁵ Elizabeth and Stephen Salisbury also cared for her orphaned niece, Eliza Tuckerman Wier (1795–1819). Eliza later married John Hubbard, who died in 1825, and their orphaned daughter, Elizabeth Lucretia Wier Hubbard (1819–1841), was adopted by the Salisburys.⁶

Stephen Salisbury was a charter member of the Worcester Fire Society from 1793 until 1829.⁷ He was also one of six corporators of the Worcester Bank in 1804.⁸ His mansion at the end of Worcester's Main Street included 150 acres of good farm land and orchards, along with cattle. He was also a member of the Worcester Agricultural Society from 1818 to 1829.⁹

Along with his son, Salisbury attended the Second Parish Church in Worcester (later known as the First Unitarian), which he joined in 1795. His wife continued to attend the First Parish Church in Worcester and later joined the Calvinist Church and Society (Central Church). Stephen purchased a pew for her in October 1823.¹⁰

In 1767 Stephen opened a branch of Samuel's Boston import business in Worcester, beginning a fifty-year partnership between the brothers. The store in Stephen's mansion in Worcester continued to operate until about 1815. Although the western facade remained unchanged, Stephen's Georgian mansion was remodeled several times, with a final structural change occurring in 1818.¹¹ At this time the mansion store was replaced with a center hall and double drawing rooms. Trade in the Boston store appears to have ended before Samuel's death, according to the Boston city directory. The brothers also had jointly owned stocks, real estate, and other investments.¹² After Samuel's death in 1818, Samuel's son Josiah helped Stephen manage his investments, as his father had.¹³ Stephen remained close to his brother's children, who wrote to him that "It gives great pleasure that one we loved so much has been succeeded, at the head of this family, by one for whom we feel so much love and affection."¹⁴

Stephen's health began to deteriorate in the 1820s, and in 1825 he admitted to Josiah that "my legg continues very painful & troublesome that with my loss of memory, unfits me for any kind of business or amusements."¹⁵ Salisbury died on Wednesday, May 11, 1829. Elizabeth Salisbury later gave a lengthy account of his illnesses in a letter to her brother in South America: "My most kind, my most affectionate, and excellent friend, and Husband is no more with us. After years of infirmity and debility he sank at last gently and I may say unexpectedly to rest."¹⁶ Christopher Columbus Baldwin (1800–1835), the librarian at the Antiquarian Society and a friend of Stephen II, wrote in his diary, "Stephen Salisbury, Esq. dies at 5 PM, aged 82. He is reputed the richest man in the county or that has been in it—$500,000 at least and many suppose much more."¹⁷ Stephen died intestate, and Stephen II was named administrator of his estate.¹⁸ As his only surviving son, Stephen II inherited his fortune.¹⁹ The funeral, held on Friday, was officiated by both Reverend Bancroft of the First Unitarian Church and Reverend Hoadley of the Central Church. Salisbury is buried in the Salisbury family plot Rural Cemetery in Worcester.²⁰

Analysis
Stephen Salisbury was seventy-six years old when he sat for Gilbert Stuart in July 1823. His wife and brother had sat to Stuart in 1810, and he had sat for Christian Gullager in 1789. With his wife, Stephen arrived in Boston on June 17, 1823, ostensibly to purchase new horses.²¹ However, a letter that Elizabeth received from her brother Gustavus Tuckerman (1785–1860) on July 1 indicates that something other than horses was keeping the couple in Boston. Gustavus Tuckerman wrote to his sister, "I am glad Mr Salisbury is sitting to Stewart, and shall depend on seeing it if you are willing before it go out of town."²² Unfortunately, no additional letter reveals whether Gustavus saw Stephen's portrait at Stuart's studio. Neither Elizabeth nor Stephen mentioned the portrait commission in the letters they wrote home to Stephen II.²³ Although Elizabeth had already mentioned the portrait commission to at least one member of her extended family, for some reason Stephen did not want his wife discussing it with relatives.²⁴ On Saturday, July 5, they finally told Stephen II the reason for their remaining in Boston. Elizabeth wrote, "Your Father sett to Stewart yesterday morn for the first time, & his Portrait is begun in this he yielded to our persuasions." Elizabeth explained that the second sitting could not take place on Saturday because the paint would not have been dry, but that she hoped sittings on Monday and Wednesday morning would be "sufficient for this time."²⁵

Gilbert Stuart was not to be rushed. On Monday, July 7, Elizabeth updated her son with the news that the portrait sittings were going to take more time than she had expected. She informed Stephen II that his father "was engag'd at M. Stewart's at 8 o'clock this morning" for the second sitting and that

Mr. Stewart insists on finishing the Picture, & would not consent to do the face, as I had hop'd, & leave it until the Autumn, and as it was begun, your Father was dispos'd to consent to his terms—it remain'd therefore for me to decide, which I did, according to the best of my judgement. he says that he will finish on friday morn, but your Father told me just now that he did not much expect to return this week. o dear! I will hope however, to see you on Saturday. I told your Father that I thought you might tell our cousins in confidence, what detain'd us, but he did not assent. if they Guess, you need not deny it.²⁶

Sometime on Wednesday, July 9, before or after sitting to Stuart for the fourth time, Stephen found time to write to his son about the purchase of two new horses and the portrait: "Your aunt &c. has prevailed on me to Sit before Stuart for a likeness, which he has accomplished to their Satisfaction, as well as my own."²⁷ Elizabeth's letter of the same day to Stephen II explained that "we were permitted to see the picture yesterday forenoon—the likeness is very striking. your Father has just gone to sit for the fourth time, he expects to sit again tomorrow & the next day, which will I suppose finish."²⁸ Since Stephen Salisbury sat for Stuart for the fourth time on Wednesday, his third sitting had to have been on Tuesday, when his family visited the studio to look at the portrait. If Stephen sat for Stuart on Thursday and Friday, as Elizabeth's letter indicates, then he sat for Stuart six times over eight days.

Elizabeth's letter indicated their intent to leave Boston by noon on Friday after the sixth portrait sitting and reach Worcester by dinnertime on Saturday.²⁹ If Stuart delayed the last two sittings, it was not by much. A note written by Stephen to his nephew Josiah on Tuesday, July 15, specified that he and Elizabeth were home in Worcester the night of July 14, though it is not clear when they left Boston.³⁰

It appears that Josiah and his wife suggested the Stuart commission to Stephen. As Stephen I explained to his son, "Your aunt &c. has prevailed on me to Sit before Stuart for a likeness."³¹ Clearly, the portrait was not Stephen's own idea. Josiah wanted Stuart to complete the original for Stephen and then make copies of it and the earlier portrait he had done of his father, Samuel Salisbury, Josiah's son, Edward Elbridge Salisbury (1814–1901) recalled that Stephen Salisbury sat to Stuart "at my father's solicitation."³²

After Stephen and Elizabeth returned to Worcester, Josiah helped supervise the commission from Boston. In his July 17 letter, Josiah informed his uncle that "I have just called at Mr. Stewarts' rooms, & find he has not yet made a beginning on the copies, but have encouragement, that it will not be delayed beyond the next week."³³ Josiah's hopes for Stuart to quickly finish the original portrait of his uncle and begin the replica of it as well as a replica of his father's were short-lived, however.

It was not until August 21 that Josiah again mentioned the portraits to his uncle in a letter, indicating that he had no real sense of when the portraits would be ready: "I have called, three times, upon Stuart without being able to see him. He has lately removed to Essex street, which, I suppose has interrupted his labors. I think, however, he considers your portrait as finished, except the varnishing, & I hope to have a fine copy of yours and my father's."³⁴ His letter of September 6, however, contradicted his earlier announcement that Stuart had finished the original portrait of Stephen: "I have seen Mr. Stewart who promises to finish your picture, soon. It seems he does not yet consider it, finished."³⁵ Stuart's promises did not prove to be reliable. In January 1824, Stephen Salisbury sent a note from Worcester for Josiah to deliver to Stuart, which requested that Stuart finish the portraits, but Josiah returned the note to Worcester without showing it to Stuart.³⁶ In his next letter to his exasperated uncle, Josiah explained his reasons for not delivering the letter. He wrote on January 15:

I rec'd from Mr. Brigham, your esteemed favr. of the 6th inst: enclosing a letter for Gilbert Stewart Esqr. I called upon that gentleman, & found him in such good humour, & so willing to promise attention to your wishes, that I thought, on the whole, it was better not to deliver the letter, immediately. I keep it in store, so that if he does not keep his present engagement, I may then, hand it to him.—He promised me, that he would finish your picture by this week, on saturday, positively. I told him, that you was desirous of having it completed, immediately.—He has, still, in his room, nearly all the pictures, that were begun, long before yours.³⁷

Josiah called on Stuart two more times and admitted to Stephen on January 23 that he might have to deliver the note to Stuart after all.³⁸ Six days later Josiah had better news for his uncle: "I hasten to inform you, that Mr. Stewart has, at length, finished your portrait. I saw it, yesterday, complete,—We suggested some time ago, to taking off some of the colour from the face,—which is done,—& the picture is very much improved, by this & the finishing. I think you will be much pleased & satisfied with it."³⁹ Although he had a reputation of not taking suggestions or criticism from sitters, Stuart's alteration of Stephen Salisbury's portrait is clearly an instance when he was receptive to suggestion.⁴⁰

Figure 1. Gilbert Stuart, Stephen Salisbury I, 1824, oil on canvas, 27 1/2 x 22 1/2 in. (69.9 x 57.2 cm), Worcester Historical Museum, Worcester, Massachusetts, Museum purchase, 1988.
Figure 2. Gilbert Stuart, Samuel Salisbury, 1824, oil on canvas, 27 1/2 x 22 1/2 in. (69.9 x 57.2 cm), Collection of Timothy D. Woolsey, Austin, Texas.

Stephen Salisbury I had been very concerned that Stuart not copy his original portrait until it was finished.⁴² Perhaps Josiah wrote again to remind his uncle that he wanted a copy of the finished portrait, because in the middle of February 1824 Stephen I wrote, "I am glad to hear Mr Stewart has at last finished my Picture—Can have no objections to you taking a Copy, but nothing but your constant application, with my Request to have the original sent up, will Effect it." Stephen also requested that Josiah ask Stuart to have a case made to protect the portrait on the trip to Worcester and pay the artist for it.⁴³ Though no further correspondence documenting the completion of the copy (fig. 1) and the arrival of the original in Worcester has been discovered, Stephen's letter to Josiah indicates that he was well aware that procuring a copy would require effort on Josiah's part.

While the actual day Stephen received his portrait is not known, a November 27, 1824, account with Joseph Swett for "altering portrait frame" could be a reference to the frame for the original Stephen Salisbury I.⁴⁴ It would not be surprising to discover that Stuart took his time to complete the copy and that the original portrait was not sent to Worcester until the end of the year. No receipt has been found for the portrait, but according to a note by Stephen Salisbury II, Stuart's portrait of Stephen Salisbury I cost one hundred dollars.⁴⁵

Josiah Salisbury was successful in obtaining a replica of Stuart's portrait of his uncle, Stephen Salisbury I (fig. 1), and of his late father, Samuel Salisbury (fig. 2).⁴⁶ Joseph's desire for a portrait of his uncle is understandable given his affection for him. He was born in Worcester while his parents lived with Stephen during the Revolution, and he remained very close to his uncle for the rest of his life.⁴⁷ After returning from a grand tour in 1802, Josiah presented Stephen with a miniature of himself (unlocated), painted in London which "will serve at the least, for an ornament to your parlour, as a specimen of fine painting. The likeness is very good, and may serve now & then to recall the features of one who always feels ardently attached to you. I wish I could give this effigy a tongue, to express all the love & respect & esteem which dwells in my bosom."⁴⁸

Notes
1. Hollis Street Church, Boston, Records of Admissions, Baptisms, Marriages, and Deaths, 1732–1887, New England Historic and Genealogical Society, Boston, MSS 293a, folder 6, 418.

2. Mackenzie IV, 1914, 538.

3. Salisbury 1885, I, 75; Roberts II, 1897, 324; and Josiah Salisbury, Cambridge, to Stephen Salisbury, Worcester, March 28, 1796, Salisbury Family Papers, Manuscripts and Archives, Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University, New Haven, Conn., series 3, box 12, folder 110.

4. Edward Tuckerman III, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury I, Worcester, September 8, 1794, Salisbury Family Papers, American Antiquarian Society (hereafter cited as SFP, AAA), Worcester, Mass., box 8, folder 2.

5. Salisbury 1885, I, 35.

6. Eliza Tuckerman Wier was the daughter of Elizabeth Tuckerman Salisbury's sister Lucretia (1770–1797) and her husband, Robert Wier (d. 1804). Elizabeth Lucretia Wier Hubbard married Rev. Erskine J. Erskine Edwards and died in Stonington, Connecticut. Her remains were interred in the Salisbury family plot in Rural Cemetery in Worcester. Massachusetts Spy (Worcester), June 2, 1841.

7. Nutt 1919, I, 221.

8. For the Worcester Bank see Tymeson 1966.

9. Stephen Salisbury, bond to deed for farm, SFP, AAS, May 4, 1771, box 2, folder 3; and July 4, 1828, bill, Worcester Agricultural Society, SFP, AAS, box 55, folder 3.

10. Kring 1985, 35, 51. See receipt, May 5, 1825, SFP, AAS box 55, folder 2.

11. Time line for "In Their Time and Place: The Salisburys and Worcester," 1995 brochure, Worcester Historical Museum, Worcester, Mass. For the Salisbury mansion see Sawyer and Dresser 1946, and Henderson 1982–1983.

12. Salisbury 1885, I, 33.

13. See, for instance, Stephen Salisbury I, Worcester, to Josiah Salisbury, Boston, November 10, 1823, SFP, AAS, box 21, folder 3.

14. Elizabeth Leverett, Rebecca Phillips, Jonathan Phillips, Edward Phillips, Samuel Salisbury, Sarah Tappan, John Tappan, Nancy Salisbury, Josiah Salisbury, Abby Salisbury, A. P. Cleveland, Jr., and Stephen Higgonson, Jr., Boston, to Stephen Salisbury, Worcester, May 12, 1818, Salisbury Family Papers, Worcester Historical Museum, Worcester, Mass.

15. Stephen Salisbury I, Worcester, to Josiah Salisbury, Boston, January 14, 1825, SFP, AAS, box 21, folder 6.

16. Elizabeth Tuckerman Salisbury, Worcester, to George Washington Tuckerman, Buenos Aires, August 5, 1829, SFP, AAS, box 23, folder 4.

17. Baldwin diary, 21. Salisbury's death was briefly acknowledged in the Columbian Centinel, May 16, 1829, and the Massachusetts Spy and Worcester County Advertiser (Worcester), May 13, 1829.

18. Massachusetts Spy and Worcester County Advertiser (Worcester), May 20, 1829. Stephen Salisbury II, Worcester, to Governor Lincoln, May 15, 1829, SFP, AAS, box 23, folder 2, and Governor Lincoln, to Stephen Salisbury II, Worcester, May 16, 1829, SFP, AAS, box 23, folder 2. See also Stephen Salisbury I, Worcester County probate, series A, case 51782.

19. Salisbury 1885, I, 35. See also Indenture of Settlement of the Estate of Stephen Salisbury I, June 18, 1829, SFP, AAS, box 23, folder 3.

20. Stephen Salisbury II, Worcester, draft of letters to the Reverends Bancroft and Hoadley, Worcester, June 1, 1829, SFP, AAS box 23, folder 2, and Tymeson 1956, 237.

21. Elizabeth Tuckerman Salisbury, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury II, Worcester, June 18, 1823, in ibid.

22. Gustavus Tuckerman, Boston, to Elizabeth Tuckerman Salisbury, Boston, July 1, 1823, in ibid.

23. Elizabeth Tuckerman Salisbury, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury II, Worcester, July 2, 1823, in ibid., and Stephen Salisbury I, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury II, Worcester, July 3, 1823, in ibid.

24. Elizabeth Tuckerman Salisbury, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury II, Worcester, July 7, 1823, in ibid.

25. Elizabeth Tuckerman Salisbury, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury II, Worcester, July 5, 1823, in ibid. Stephen II replied, "I am particularly pleased that you are detained for the accomplishment of so desirable an object." Stephen Salisbury II, Worcester, to Elizabeth Tuckerman Salisbury and Stephen Salisbury I, Boston, July 7, 1823, in ibid.

Harriette M. Forbes was the first to publish some of the letters related to Stuart's portrait of Stephen Salisbury I in the Salisbury Family Papers at the American Antiquarian Society. See Forbes 1930a, 15–18.

26. Elizabeth Tuckerman Salisbury, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury II, Worcester, July 7, 1823, SFP, AAS, box 21, folder 2.

27. Stephen Salisbury I, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury II, Worcester, July 9, 1823, in ibid.

28. Elizabeth Tuckerman Salisbury, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury II, Worcester, July 9, 1823, in ibid. Stephen replied the following day, "I am pleased to learn that you have found a pair of horses which suit you; and also that Mr. Stewart has executed the picture to universal satisfaction." Stephen Salisbury II, Worcester, to Elizabeth Tuckerman Salisbury and Stephen Salisbury I, Boston, July 10, 1823, in ibid.

29. Elizabeth Tuckerman Salisbury, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury II, Worcester, July 9, 1823, in ibid.

30. Stephen Salisbury I, Worcester, to Josiah Salisbury, Boston, July 15, 1823, Salisbury Family Papers, Yale University, series 3, box 12, folder 117. See also Josiah Salisbury, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury II, Worcester, July 17, 1823, SFP, AAS, box 21, folder 2.

31. Stephen Salisbury I, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury II, Worcester, July 9, 1823, in ibid.

32. Salisbury 1885, I, 34.

33. Josiah Salisbury, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury I, Worcester, July 17, 1823, SFP, AAS, box 21, folder 2.

34. Josiah Salisbury, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury I, Worcester, August 21, 1823, in ibid.

35. Josiah Salisbury, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury I, Worcester, September 6, 1823, SFP, AAS, box 21, folder 3.

36. "Last week I sent you a Letter by Mr Brigham Inclosed was a Letter for Mr Stewart—Mr Brigham has returned without any of your favours." Stephen Salisbury I, Worcester, to Josiah Salisbury, Boston, January 11, 1824, in SFP, AAS, box 21, folder 4.

37. Josiah Salisbury, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury I, Worcester, January 15, 1824, SFP, AAS, box 21, folder 4.

38. Josiah Salisbury, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury I, Worcester, January 23, 1824, in ibid.

39. Josiah Salisbury, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury I, Worcester, January 29, 1824, in ibid.

40. For Stuart's reputation of not taking suggestions or criticism from sitters, see Delorme 1979a, 340. However, in 1806, Stuart seemed to have been agreeable to a suggestion made by Sarah Bowdoin's niece that he fix the drapery in Bowdoin's portrait. See Docherty 1994, 69.

41. Stephen Salisbury II, Boston, to Elizabeth Tuckerman Salisbury and Stephen Salisbury I, Worcester, January 30, 1824, SFP, AAS, box 21, folder 4. Stephen wrote two more times asking about the portrait because his parents had not responded. See Stephen Salisbury II, Boston, to Elizabeth Tuckerman Salisbury and Stephen Salisbury I, Worcester, January 31, 1824, and Stephen Salisbury II, Boston, to Elizabeth Tuckerman Salisbury, Worcester, February 2, 1824, in ibid.

42. Stephen Salisbury I, Worcester, to Josiah Salisbury, Boston, August 11, 1823, Salisbury Family Papers, Yale University, series 3, box 12, folder 117.

43. Stephen Salisbury I, Worcester, to Josiah Salisbury, Boston, February 17, 1824, Salisbury Family Papers, Yale University, in ibid.

44. Stephen Salisbury I, account with Joseph Swett, November 27, 1824, SFP, AAS, box 55, folder 2.

45. Stephen Salisbury II, Memoranda of Portraits, SFP, AAS, Octavo vol. 62, 37. George Mason claimed a July 23, 1823, receipt indicated the portrait cost one hundred dollars and that "the picture was ready for delivery on the 6th of the following September." See Mason 1879, 251. However, it is known that the portrait was not in Worcester in September 1823, and no evidence has been discovered to document its arrival in Worcester on September 6, 1824.

46. When Josiah Salisbury died in 1826, the portrait of Stephen Salisbury (fig. 1) was inherited by his widow, Abby Breese Salisbury, who died in New Haven in 1866. Her will, written in 1855, bequeathed the portrait to her son Edward Elbridge Salisbury (1814–1901) of New Haven. At his death it became the property of his nephew Theodore Salisbury Woolsey (1852–1929) of New Haven. In 1929 the portrait passed to his son Heathcote M. Woolsey (d. 1956) and then to his daughter Eliza Woolsey Walker (Mrs. Thomas Dixon Walker) in the 1950s. She sold it to her cousin Patricia Woolsey Jackson (Mrs. Lionel Jackson), who subsequently sold it to the Worcester Historical Museum in 1988. See Park 1926, II, 662, cat. no. 729; Mrs. Thomas Dixon Walker to the Worcester Art Museum, February 8, 1966, Worcester Art Museum curatorial files (hereafter cited as WAM files); Theodore D. Woolsey, to the Worcester Art Museum, June 4, 1987, WAM files; Richard S. Nutt to Adele S. Woolsey, February 10, 1998, WAM files; Richard S. Nutt to Laura Mills, March 17 and 21, 1998, WAM files; and George Woolsey to Laura Mills, May 5, 1998, WAM files.

Theodore Salisbury Woolsey, Jr., commissioned Huc-Mazelet Luquiens to copy Stuart's portraits of Stephen Salisbury I and Elizabeth Tuckerman Salisbury (Mrs. Stephen Salisbury I) in the Worcester Art Museum. See Theodore Salisbury Woolsey, Jr., Fletcher, N.C., to the director of the Worcester Art Museum, July 9, 1917, WAM files. For Frederick T. Stuart's engraving after Gilbert Stuart's portrait of Stephen Salisbury I, see Crane 1907, I, n.p.

47. One week before graduating from Harvard, Josiah wrote to Stephen, "Still undetermined in what capacity to enlist for the voyage of life I would beg the favor of your advice." Josiah Salisbury, Cambridge, to Stephen Salisbury I, Worcester, June 14, 1798, Salisbury Family Papers, Yale University, series 3, box 12, folder 112.

48. Josiah Salisbury, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury I, Worcester, December 19, 1802, Salisbury Family Papers, Yale University, series 3, box 12, folder 113. See also Josiah Salisbury, Boston, to Stephen Salisbury I, Worcester, November 14, 1802, in ibid., and Salisbury 1885, I, 73.